Isithuthuthu sikagesi sokuphila okuphuphile

Isithuthuthu sikagesi siwuhlobo lwemoto kagesi, enebhethri yokushayela imoto. Idrayivu yamandla kagesi kanye nohlelo lokulawula lwakhiwe nge-drive motor, ukunikezwa kwamandla kanye nedivayisi yokulawula isivinini semoto. Esinye isithuthuthu sikagesi ngokuyisisekelo sifana nenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi.

Ukwakhiwa kwesithuthuthu sikagesi kuhlanganisa: idrayivu kagesi kanye nesistimu yokulawula, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okushayela kanye nezinye izinhlelo zemishini, ukuqedela umsebenzi wedivayisi yokusebenza. Idrayivu kagesi kanye nohlelo lokulawula luwumgogodla wemoto kagesi, futhi ihlukile kunomehluko omkhulu kakhulu ngemoto yangaphakathi yenjini yomlilo.

Isithuthuthu sikagesi

Isithuthuthu esisebenza ngogesi. Ihlukaniswe isithuthuthu sikagesi esinamasondo amabili kanye nesithuthuthu sikagesi esinamasondo amathathu.

A. Isithuthuthu sikagesi esinamasondo amabili: isithuthuthu esinamasondo amabili esishayelwa ugesi esinesivinini esikhulu sokuklama esingaphezu kuka-50km/h.

B. Isithuthuthu sikagesi esinamasondo amathathu: isithuthuthu esinamasondo amathathu esishayelwa amandla kagesi, esinesivinini esikhulu sokuklama esingaphezu kuka-50km/h kanye nesisindo sokunakekela imoto esingaphansi kuka-400kg.

I-Electric Moped

Ama-mopeds aqhutshwa ngogesi ahlukaniswe abe ama-mopeds kagesi amabili - namasondo amathathu.

A. Isithuthuthu sikagesi esinamasondo amabili: isithuthuthu esinamasondo amabili esinikezwa amandla kagesi esihlangabezana nenye yale mibandela elandelayo:

Isivinini esikhulu sokuklama singaphezu kuka-20km/h futhi singaphansi kuka-50km/h;

Isisindo semoto singaphezu kuka-40kg kanti ijubane elikhulu lokuklama lingaphansi kuka-50km/h.

B. Ama-mopeds kagesi anamasondo amathathu: ama-moped anamasondo amathathu ashayelwa amandla kagesi, anesivinini esiphezulu sokuklama esingeqile ku-50km/h nesisindo semoto esiphelele singeqi ku-400kg.

ukwakheka

Ukunikezwa kwamandla

Ukunikezwa kwamandla kunikeza amandla kagesi enjini yokushayela yesithuthuthu sikagesi. Injini iguqula amandla kagesi okuphakelwa kukagesi abe amandla emishini, ashayela amasondo nemishini yokusebenza ngomshini wokudlulisa noma ngokuqondile. Namuhla, amandla asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi ibhethri le-lead-acid. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bezimoto zikagesi, ibhethri le-lead-acid kancane kancane lithathelwa indawo amanye amabhethri ngenxa yamandla alo akhethekile aphansi, isivinini sokushaja esinensayo kanye nempilo yesevisi emfushane. Ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo emisha yamandla kuyathuthukiswa, okuvula amathemba abanzi okuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zikagesi.

Shayela injini

Indima yemoto yokushayela ukuguqula amandla kagesi okuphakelwa kukagesi abe amandla emishini, ngomshini wokudlulisa noma ukushayela ngokuqondile amasondo nemishini yokusebenza. I-Dc series motors isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi zanamuhla, ezinezici zemishini "ezithambile" futhi ezihambisana kakhulu nezici zokushayela zezimoto. Kodwa-ke, i-dc motor ngenxa yenhlansi yokushintsha, amandla amancane athile, ukusebenza kahle okuphansi, umthwalo wokulungisa, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bezimoto nobuchwepheshe bokulawula izimoto, kuzomele ithathelwe indawo yi-DC brushless motor (BCDM), switched reluctance motor (SRM) kanye ne-AC asynchronous motor.

Idivayisi yokulawula isivinini sezimoto

Idivayisi yokulawula isivinini semoto isethelwe isivinini semoto kagesi kanye nokushintsha kwesikhombisi-ndlela, indima yayo ukulawula i-voltage noma i-current motor, ukuqedela i-torque ye-motor drive kanye nokulawula indlela yokuzungeza.

Ezimotweni zikagesi zangaphambilini, ukulawulwa kwejubane lemoto ye-dc kufinyelelwa ngokumelana nochungechunge noma ukushintsha inani lokujika kwekhoyili yamagnetic field. Ngoba ijubane layo lilinganiselwe, futhi lizokhiqiza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okwengeziwe noma ukusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo semoto kuyinkimbinkimbi, akuvamile ukusetshenziswa namuhla. Kulezi zinsuku, umthetho we-SCR chopper speed usetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi, ezibona ukulawulwa kwesivinini esingenasinyathelo ngokushintsha i-terminal voltage yemoto ngokulinganayo nokulawula amandla amanje enjini. Ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bamandla kagesi, kancane kancane ithathelwa indawo enye i-transistor yamandla (ku-GTO, MOSFET, BTR kanye ne-IGBT, njll.) idivayisi yokulawula isivinini se-chopper. Ngokombono wokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe, ngokusetshenziswa kwemoto yokushayela entsha, ukulawulwa kwesivinini semoto kagesi kuguqulwa kube ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-DC inverter, okuzoba umkhuba ongenakugwemeka.

Ekulawulweni kokuguqulwa kwe-drive motor's spin, i-dc motor incike ku-contactor ukuze iguqule indlela yamanje ye-armature noma inkundla kazibuthe ukuze kuzuzwe ukuguqulwa kwesipina semoto, okwenza inkimbinkimbi yeSekethe nokuthembeka kwehliswe. Uma kusetshenziswa i-ac asynchronous motor, ukuguqulwa kwesiteringi semoto kudinga kuphela ukuguqula ukulandelana kwesigaba samanje sesigaba sesithathu senkundla kazibuthe, engenza lula umjikelezo wokulawula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwemoto ye-AC kanye nobuchwepheshe bayo bokulawula isivinini sokuguqulwa kwemvamisa kwenza ukulawulwa kokubuyiswa kwamandla okubhuleka kwezimoto zikagesi kube lula, umjikelezo wokulawula olula kakhudlwana.